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India · Dispute Resolution

Dispute Resolution in India

Full-service dispute resolution across India's principal forums — NCLT insolvency under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, High Court and commercial litigation, India-seated and international arbitration, mediation under the Mediation Act 2023, and cross-border enforcement. India-enrolled advocates, with a dual India–UAE presence that lets a single relationship cover disputes touching both jurisdictions.

Where we act
NCLT & IBC
Corporate insolvency — CIRP, liquidation, cross-border (Part IV)
Arbitration & Conciliation Act 1996
With the Mediation Act 2023 and the Commercial Courts Act
Bombay, Delhi & Karnataka HCs
And the Supreme Court of India
New York Convention
Foreign awards; s.44A CPC for foreign decrees
01 — Our services

Across India's forums.

India's disputes are resolved across distinct forums — the NCLT, the High Courts and the Supreme Court, arbitral tribunals and statutory mediation — each with its own procedure. We act across all of them.

01

NCLT & insolvency proceedings

Representing foreign creditors, lenders and cross-border investors before the National Company Law Tribunal under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC).
  • Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) — filing and pursuing claims for foreign creditors, multinational lenders and investors under the IBC.
  • Liquidation & resolution plans — challenging liquidation orders and contesting resolution plans before the NCLT.
  • Cross-border insolvency — recognition and coordination under Part IV of the IBC.
  • Creditor strategy — advice across the full insolvency lifecycle, from early strategy through to recovery.
02

High Court & civil litigation

India-enrolled advocates before the High Courts and the Supreme Court in civil, commercial, employment and real estate disputes.
  • Commercial & civil disputes — before the Bombay, Delhi and Karnataka High Courts and the Supreme Court of India.
  • Urgent relief — interim applications, injunctions and enforcement proceedings.
  • Commercial Courts Act 2015 — the dedicated fast-track framework for high-value commercial disputes.
03

Arbitration — India-seated & international

Institutional and ad hoc arbitration under the Arbitration & Conciliation Act 1996, spanning India and the UAE.
  • Institutional & ad hoc arbitration — ICC, SIAC, LCIA, DIAC and arbitrateAD, and ad hoc proceedings under the Arbitration & Conciliation Act 1996.
  • Interim relief — applications before the Indian courts under Section 9 of the Act.
  • Seat selection & enforcement — advice on seat, and enforcement of domestic and foreign awards.
  • Cross-border arbitration — proceedings spanning India and the UAE, led by Asha Treesa Bejoy FCIArb, panel member at the Dubai International Arbitration Centre (DIAC) and the Saudi Center for Commercial Arbitration (SCCA).
04

Mediation

Pre-litigation and court-referred commercial mediation under the Mediation Act 2023, led by CEDR-certified mediators.
  • Pre-litigation & court-annexed mediation— under the Mediation Act 2023, including online and cross-border mediation.
  • Enforceable settlements— agreements with enforceability equivalent to an arbitral award.
  • CEDR-certified mediators— commercial, employment, real estate and cross-border disputes, structured to preserve ongoing relationships.
05

Cross-border enforcement

Recognising and enforcing arbitral awards and court judgments for and against Indian parties, coordinated across the India–UAE corridor.
  • Foreign award enforcement — recognition and enforcement under Part II of the Arbitration & Conciliation Act, implementing the New York Convention.
  • Foreign judgments— enforcement of foreign court decrees under Section 44A of the Code of Civil Procedure.
  • India–UAE coordination — simultaneous enforcement across both jurisdictions, reducing cost, duplication and the risk of conflicting positions.
06

Alternative dispute resolution

Proportionate routes to resolution beyond arbitration and mediation.
  • Expert determination, conciliation & negotiation advocacy — for disputes suited to a faster, lower-cost route.
  • Lok Adalat— India’s statutory pre-litigation settlement mechanism under the Legal Services Authorities Act, for eligible disputes.

Last reviewed: July 2026. This page provides general legal information, not legal advice on any specific matter.

The India–UAE corridor
Two jurisdictions, one case strategy

Our dual presence in India and the UAE means a single advisory relationship covers disputes that touch both — coordinated recognition and enforcement of awards and judgments across the two jurisdictions at once, without conflicting positions, duplicated instructions, or the delays a multi-adviser structure produces.

Our UAE disputes practice →

02 — Representative experience

A sample of recent matters.

01

Obtained recognition and enforcement of an international arbitral award arising from a shareholders' agreement dispute, defeating the debtor's challenges to enforcement and issues arising from a transition of the applicable institutional framework.

02

Acted as lead counsel in an ICC arbitration seated in Paris for an Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) company, in a complex dispute over payments for electro-mechanical works on a major international project.

03

Represented a road-construction and infrastructure contractor in proceedings to recover payments under a settlement agreement relating to works performed on a major power-plant project.

04

Acted in an ICC arbitration under the Expedited Procedure on payments for supply, engineering, commissioning and manpower services, successfully defending counterclaims for alleged defects, delays and liquidated damages.

Representative matters. Some details are withheld for client confidentiality.
03 — How we work

From assessment to recovery.

A dispute is won on strategy and evidence long before a hearing.

01

Case assessment

The contractual, legal and procedural context of the dispute, and the realistic routes to recovery.

02

Strategy

A focused case plan aligned to your commercial objectives — forum, seat, interim relief and timeline.

03

Representation

Advocacy before the NCLT, the High Courts, the Supreme Court and arbitral tribunals, with documentary and expert evidence.

04

Enforcement & recovery

Recognition and enforcement of awards and judgments in India and, where needed, across the India–UAE corridor.

04 — Frequently asked questions

India disputes, answered.

What types of disputes does ATB Legal handle in India?
Commercial and corporate contract disputes, shareholder disagreements, construction and infrastructure claims, insolvency proceedings before the NCLT under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), employment matters, real estate conflicts, and cross-border enforcement — across India's courts, arbitration institutions and ADR forums.
What is the NCLT, and what role does it play in commercial disputes?
The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) is India's specialist commercial court for corporate insolvency, liquidation, mergers and related company law matters. Under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), it administers the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) — the time-bound mechanism through which foreign creditors, lenders and investors participate in the restructuring or liquidation of distressed Indian companies.
Which arbitration institutions and rules does ATB Legal work with in India?
ICC, SIAC, LCIA, DIAC and arbitrateAD rules, as well as domestic Indian arbitration under the Arbitration & Conciliation Act 1996. We advise on seat selection, interim measures before the Indian courts, multi-seated cross-border proceedings, and enforcement of awards under the New York Convention.
What is the Mediation Act 2023, and how does it affect commercial disputes?
The Mediation Act 2023 introduced a statutory framework for pre-litigation and court-referred commercial mediation in India. Settlement agreements reached under it carry enforceability equivalent to arbitral awards and can cover cross-border disputes involving international parties — a significant shift toward structured, party-driven resolution.